Why India wants German submarines, and what Pakistan and China have to do with it

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India is pursuing a multibillion-dollar submarine deal with Germany as part of a broader military modernization strategy aimed at countering regional threats from Pakistan and China. The agreement reflects New Delhi's ambition to reduce dependence on foreign defense imports while simultaneously showcasing Berlin's expanding strategic pivot toward the Indo-Pacific region. German submarines, known for their advanced technology and stealth capabilities, would strengthen India's naval dominance in the Indian Ocean, a critical waterway threatened by Chinese expansion. The deal signals a deepening defense partnership between two democracies navigating geopolitical tensions in Asia, while also positioning Germany as a key player in maintaining stability beyond Europe's borders.