Effects of physical activity on externalizing problems in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the chain mediating effects of school connectedness and self-control

ObjectiveThe prevalence of externalizing problems in adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has shown a steady upward trend in recent years. Physical activity (PA), recognized as a key strategy for enhancing emotional regulation and self-control, may be negatively associated with these behaviors. This current study aims to investigate the mechanisms through which Physical activity is associated with externalizing problems in ADHD adolescents, with a particular focus on the chain mediating effects of school connectedness and self-control within this relationship.MethodsA total of 517 adolescents with ADHD were recruited using a combination of purposive and convenience sampling. Participants were assessed using the Physical Activity Rating Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, School Connectedness Scale, and Self-Control Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 and Process 4.1 software to examine the internal relationships among the four variables.Results(1) Physical activity was negatively associated with externalizing problems and positively associated with school connectedness and self-control. (2) Both school connectedness and self-control independently mediated the association between physical activity and externalizing problems in adolescents with ADHD. (3) Additionally, a sequential (chain) mediation effect was identified, whereby physical activity was related to externalizing problems through both mediators in sequence.ConclusionThis current study highlights the significant potential of physical activity to be negatively associated with externalizing problems in adolescents with ADHD and its underlying mediating mechanisms. The findings suggest that promoting appropriate PA and enhancing school connectedness and self-control may be promising strategies associated with improved mental health outcomes in this population. Future research should consider age-related characteristics and individual preferences for types of physical activity.