ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the relationship between self-connection and online prosocial behavior among college students, and to examine the mediating roles of belief in a just world and meaning in life.MethodsA total of 1,303 college students completed the Self-Connection Scale, the Online Prosocial Behavior Scale, the Belief in a Just World Scale, and the Meaning in Life Scale.Results(1) Self-connection positively predicted online prosocial behavior; (2) belief in a just world played a mediating role in the relationship between self-connection and online prosocial behavior; (3) meaning in life played a mediating role in the relationship between self-connection and online prosocial behavior; (4) belief in a just world and meaning in life played a serial mediating role in the relationship between self-connection and online prosocial behavior.ConclusionSelf-connection not only directly promoted online prosocial behavior among college students, but also exerted indirect effects through belief in a just world and meaning in life. These findings have important implications for fostering online prosocial behavior among college students.