How some data center operators are tackling their water use problems
Article excerpt
Data center operators are facing mounting pressure over water consumption as artificial intelligence drives explosive growth in computing infrastructure. Hyperscalers like Meta, Google, and Microsoft have drawn scrutiny from regulators and environmental groups over their facilities' impact on water quality and availability in drought-stricken regions. Companies are deploying solutions ranging from advanced cooling systems and recycled water to relocating facilities near abundant water sources. The moves come as the industry grapples with a fundamental constraint: training and running large language models requires enormous amounts of cooling water, and demand shows no signs of slowing.
On Monday, SpaceX amended its initial public offering to state that water conditions, including water scarcity, regulations around water, and drought, could constrain data center development.
It isn’t the only tech company trying to assess how water scarcity might impact its business. Water use is emerging as one of the most contentious data center issues. A recent Gallup poll found that seven out of 10 Americans are opposed to data center development, with water scarcity ranking as the top resource concern. Facing increasingly fierce resistance, some tech companies are scrambling to assure the public that they’re facing the issue head-on.
Data centers primarily use water to cool server racks, which throw off massive amounts of heat. One popular technique, known as evaporative cooling, uses fresh water to absorb the heat, which is then pumped to cooling towers where it evaporates outside.
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