Identification of non-cardiomyocytes marker genes in patients with diabetes and cardiomyopathy through single-cell analysis

by Wenze Yu, Hanglie Chen, Lihua Shi, Guofang Gao, Haihua Wang

Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a diabetes-related myocardial disorder causing fibrosis, hypertrophy, and progressive diastolic and systolic dysfunction. This study aims to explore how metabolic, inflammatory, and fibrotic mechanisms in non-cardiomyocytes drive DCM to reveal new therapeutic targets.

Methods Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to investigate the role of non-cardiomyocytes in DCM, enabling the identification of cell types, gene expression dynamics, and intercellular communication networks in patients with type 2 diabetes. The scRNA-seq data were obtained from the GEO to investigate cell-type-specific contributions and heterogeneity across tissues. Metabolic pathway scores were calculated using scMetabolism. Moreover, cell trajectory analysis and cellular communication studies were performed to examine shared and disease-specific cell populations in diabetes and cardiomyopathy. CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell migration and invasion assays were preformed to explore the function of PTPRC in HUVECs.

Results Using SingleR annotation, we identified eight distinct cell types, with NK cells and smooth muscle cells representing the shared cell populations across both diseases. Cell trajectory analysis revealed three distinct branches based on gene expression over pseudotime, and the top differentially expressed genes in each cell type clustering into six categories. Metabolic pathway analysis predicted that epithelial cells, macrophages, and neurons as the most metabolically active across multiple pathways, highlighting metabolic heterogeneity among patient samples. Additionally, four key signaling pathways associated with NK cells and smooth muscle cells were predicted to emphasize the divergence in gene expression across cell types. PTPRC is implicated in diabetes and cardiomyopathy and functions as a positive regulator of HUVEC viability, clonogenic growth, migration, and invasion.

Conclusion This study demonstrates significant heterogeneity among non-cardiomyocytes in patients with diabetes and cardiomyopathy, highlighting the need for targeted therapeutic interventions to address these differences.